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[应用]CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）（2012年3月9日更新）

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0楼发表于: 2010-06-16 16:01:52

— 本帖被 tensor 设置为精华(2010-06-20) —

关键词： CST 汇总

这个帖子汇集目前CST总部官方网页上的所有Application Notes（视频文件除外），并持续更新。如果帖子过长，可以选择“只看楼主”。
注：下载值不够的朋友，单击带有连接的标题就可以打开CST官方网页直接阅读。

Planar Antenna （平面结构天线）

RFID Reader-Coil, 13.56 MHz （射频识别）
Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RFID) are widely used and allow advanced solutions for a variety of applications in the area of authentication, ticketing, access control, supply management, parking, payment, vending,etc. The example presented here is a RFID Readercoil "P81" from Legic Ident Systems and was modeled and solved using the frequency domain solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS). The sensitivity of the computed complex input impedance with respect to substrate tolerances is computed and was compared to measurement data.

Design of Circularly-Polarized Patch Antennas using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® （用微波工作室设计圆极化贴片天线）
An RID Reader Antenna with the following specifications was designed: - Frequency: 908.5 - 914 MHz (In Korea) - VSWR: less than 2 with 50-ohm impedance - Polarization: circular - Axial ratio: less than 3 dB @ 908.5 - 914MHz - Gain: 6 dBi @ 1W transmitted power - Size and weight: as small as possible This article is published with the permission and courtesy of Prof. Bierng-Chearl Ahn and his colleagues at Chungbuk University, Korea.

Analysis of a high efficiency reflector feed array （模拟高效反射器馈电阵列）
This article demonstrates the application of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) to the analysis of large reflector feed arrays. An array consisting of 19 elements was simulated but a larger array of more than 100 elements may also be simulated since the memory scaling with mesh cells in CST MWS is almost linear. The simultaneous excitation feature in CST MWS was applied to obtain farfield patterns in just a single simulation. A parameter sweep was also carried out to obtain the S-Parameters as a funtion of element feeding postion.

Antenna Arrays （天线阵）

X-Band Squintless Horn Antenna Array (96 elements) （X波段无缝喇叭天线阵-96单元）
This article concerns the design of a X-Band squintless horn antenna array consisting out of 96 radiating elements. The full design of the 2.4m antenna blank (including the simultaneous excitation of all 96 arms) has been performed within CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The simulated results have been in an excellent agreement with compact range measurements.

A Unit Cell Model of a Single Periodic Waveguide Phased-Array Antenna （单晶模型实现周期波导相位阵天线）
In this article a single periodic open-ended waveguide phased-array antenna with a dielectric radome at its aperture of variable thickness is analysed. As a verification it is shown that the superposition of two independent plane waves shows the same field pattern as the one created by the unit cell model.

Multi-Objective Optimization for Antenna Design （天线设计中应用多目标优化）
The problem described consists of the optimization of a seven element antenna array in order to improve the radiating performance. The aim of this work is to test the effectiveness of native, true multi-objective optimization techniques, available today in modeFRONTIER4®, a ready-to-use multi-objective environment, directly driving CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS), and taking advantage of some useful interactive postprocessing tools.

SAR Simulation

Simulation of Mobile Phone Antenna Performance （仿真手机天线性能）
The telecommunications sector is making great advances aimed at delivering an even stream of high tech devices, covering the significant consumer demands in this sector. EM simulation is increasingly becoming an indispensable tool in the design flow, not only on the antenna level but also on the phone and environmental levels. This article compares simulated results with measurements for several steps in the phone design chain.

TLM Simulation of Human Exposure to 400MHz Electromagnetic Fields Inside a Car （仿真车内人体暴露在400兆赫兹电磁场）
Transmitters used in vehicle environments present potential threats to the health and safety of vehicle users, in terms of both human exposure to electromagnetic fields and vehicle EMC (electromagnetic compatibility). The recently revised automotive EMC directive (2004/104/EC) now requires vehicle manufacturers to identify acceptable frequencies, powers and antenna installations that can be used on vehicles without compromising their EMC performance. The simulations presented here were performed with CST MICROSTRIPES™.

Mobile Phone Simulations with Human Head and Hand Models （带有人头和人手模型的手机仿真）
Human head models like the SAM phantom are already regularly used to test the influence on mobile phone performance as well as to check the compliance to SAR standards. However, the hand also influences the field distribution significantly. The following article shows the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) simulation results of a complete Sony Ericsson mobile phone in relation to head and hand phantoms.

SAR - Spherical Phantom Model （球体仿真模型）
A standardized spherical phantom head such as the one described in this example is commonly used for SAR investigations and measurements.

All Antennas

Intelligent Representation of Anechoic Chamber Wall Cuts Electromagnetic Simulation Time 95% （智能表征暗室吸波墙减少95%电磁仿真时间）
Electromagnetic simulation of anechoic chambers is a very difficult task. Gwenaël Dun, R&D Engineer for Siepel, used a variety of different electromagnetic simulation tools to address this challenge in the past but ran into problems with both poor accuracy and long compute times. He then worked with the developers of CST MICROSTRIPES™ electromagnetic simulation software, to implement a feature that makes it possible to model the ferrite absorbers used in the chamber as a boundary condition rather than part of the computational domain. This change made it possible to increase mesh size by a factor of 15, reducing compute time by more than 95%. The simulation results provided a near-perfect match to physical testing.

Plasmonic Nano Antennas Simulation with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® （微波工作室仿真电浆子纳米天线）
This paper is based on: "Comparison of electromagnetic field solvers for the 3D analysis of plasmonic nano antennas" by Johannes Hoffmann, Christian Hafner, Patrick Leidenberger, Jan Hesselbarth, Sven Burger, Proc. SPIE Vol. 7390, pp. 73900J-73900J-11. The Field Distribution inside a 1 nm wide gap between two 80 nm diameter Gold spheres is calculated and compared to a semi analytical reference solution published in the paper. Both general purpose solvers of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® are used. The simulation results agree closely with the reference solution.

Environment-Independent Miniature Antennas （不受环境影响的天线小型化）
Hubregt J. Visser, PhD, Holst Centre – IMEC-NL Antennas, when brought into close proximity with RF reflective objects or lossy human tissue, will show a degradation in performance. This degradation is visible in the input impedance as a function of frequency and in the radiation pattern, gain and efficiency. In the presentation we will show two examples of miniature antennas designed for on-body use that exhibit a negligible performance degradation when brought near or onto the human body. One of the examples comprises a miniature, curved microstrip patch antenna for application on the wrist, see Figure 1. Here, the ground plane of the patch antenna has been used to form a shielding between antenna and environment. The other example is a CPW printed monopole antenna, embedded in a low-loss dielectric body to contain the fields and thus minimize reactive tuning, see Figure 2. Furthermore the short ground plane of this antenna has been modified to suppress coaxial cable current radiation. In the designs, the human body has been modeled as a curved, layered medium consisting of skin, fat, muscle, bone and, when appropriate, dura, cerebrospinal fluid and brain tissue. The CSTMWS designs, the realized prototypes and the measurement results will be presented. Figure 1: Curved microstrip patch antenna for use on the wrist. Figure 2: Printed monopole antenna in proximity to the human body.

An efficient approach for wide angle scattering analysis of TT&C antennas on satellite （卫星TT&C天线宽角散射模拟）
Marcello Zolesi, Thales Alenia Space The scope of the present work is to analyze the effective coverage of TT&C subsystem of a LEO satellite at an altitude of 700 kilometres. The antenna assembly is made of two units, Main and Fill-In Antennas, accommodated on opposite sides of the spacecraft. Starting from the free-space radiation performance of each of the two antennas, the problem to predict the global TT&C subsystem radiation pattern in presence of the spacecraft is treated in order to identify potential blind areas or interferences caused by the neighbouring structures. The prediction of electromagnetic field scattered in complex environment is usually a hard task since the solution cannot generally be expressed in a simple and/or closed analytical form. Therefore a variety of numerical methods have been developed in literature. The effectiveness of a single method depends on the type of the electromagnetic environment and the working frequencies. The calculations of the global TT&C subsystem radiation pattern in presence of the main spacecraft structures are carried out by means a full-wave electromagnetic software, CST Microwave Studio Integral Solver. The Integral ..

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2010-06-20

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1楼发表于: 2010-06-16 17:01:07

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 2

Antenna design for the detection of alive buried victims under thick layers of rubble （用于检测厚层瓦砾下掩埋的幸存生物的天线）
Floc’h Jean Marie, IETR The antenna is used with UWB Radar techniques in order to locate buried alive victims. The detection is based on the signature of alive persons by using Doppler analysis of movements and respiration. Detecting victims in this environment is very difficult due to the large dynamic range of signal levels. In fact, the reflected signal caused by the buried alive victim is very low behind other reflected or disturbing signals such as mobile phones, vegetation movements, water, rescuers… A two flares UWB antenna, light weight and easy transportable has been specially design for the research of buried victims beneath building rubble. This paper focuses on antenna design, simulation using CST software and measurement. These measurements have been made by IETR and CEA. The experimental results show a good comparison between measurements and simulations. The goals for the design were: - Frequency band: 300 MHz – 3 GHz - Compact antenna - Gain around 10 dBi at the center frequency - Low back side radiation - Good impulse response - Very light weight antenna.

Simulation and Construction of Body Coil substitute at 7T Whole Body MRI-System with Travelling Wave Concept （行波条件下仿真并实现用于MRI系统的人体线圈）
Tim Herrmann, Johannes Mallow, OvG University Magdeburg Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is one of the most important non-invasive examination methods in the modern medicine. To raise up examine possibilities, MRI systems with more powerful magnetic fields are constituted. The standard high-field whole body (1.5T-3T) MRI Systems (Fig. 1) are using a body coil for the excitation. MRI at ultra-high-field (UHF) requires different Tx-coils for excitation of different body parts since the construction of one large body coil, similar to those at lower fields, is to difficult. Moreover, at 7T B1 is inhomogeneous as the RF-wave length within the object is smaller than the object extensions. While in RF-coils the usable B1-field is restricted to dimensions and geometry of the RF-coil itself, with the new travelling wave concept, described by Brunner [1], the usable B1-field is restricted to the dimensions of the waveguide (RF-shield) only. Thus the MR travelling wave concept allows excitation of large volumes depending on the length of the RF-shield. For an antenna with a frequency of 297MHz the approximate wavelength is about 1m. Thus the RF-shield of the gradient coil with a diameter of 64cm can be used as a waveguide, because of the cut-off frequency. The cut-off frequency is the minimum frequency where a wave fits into the waveguide without damping. This study examines the use of the travelling wave concept as an efficient body coil replacement in UHF MRI-System with the support simulations in CST Microwave Studio 2009 and measurements. Therefore two different types of antennas have been simulated and produced. The B1-field distribution of a dipole and a patch antenna where simulated and compared with B1-field measurements in a 7T MRI System. The efficiency compared to a 1.5T body coil was investigated. Further research goals are to create biological models based on anatomical MRI-Dataset for use in field-simulation software with dynamic thermal solver for more realistic SAR calculation. However the remaining problems of exposing sensitive body parts, such as the human head by increased SAR needs to be solved for next generation UHF MRI-Systems.

Optimization of a small wideband Antenna using CST and Mode Frontier （用CST和Mode Frontier优化小型宽带天线）
Yael Kaldor, Rafael This work describes the simulation and optimization processes of a small antenna located on a large platform. (The platform size is 13? x 3? x 3?). The required antenna frequency performance is wideband and it is required to perform under severe environmental conditions. The antenna structure was modeled and simulated using CST (MWS) for return Loss and Radiation Pattern performance. The antenna model was parameterized to allow future optimization. The Return Loss specification for the Antenna was -8 dB maximum (VSWR 2.2:1) over a 30% bandwidth. Simulated Return Loss was initially poor over the full frequency range (sufficient performance was obtained over 6% bandwidth only). See Figure 1. The Antenna model was optimized using Mode Frontier for Return Loss performance over the full frequency range. The optimization results are depicted in Figure 2. The Return loss and VSWR performance were highly improved using the optimization process. 34% bandwidth was obtained. Read full article..

RFID Transponder operating at 13.56 MHz （射频识别转发器）
Radio Frequency Identification Systems (RF-ID) are widely used and are thus one of the fastest growing sectors of todays radio industry, allowing advanced solutions for a variety of applications in the area of authentication, ticketing, access control, supply management, etc. One of the most common band allocated to RFID systems is 13.56 MHz. For this application example operating at this particular frequency band we have chosen a transponder inlay which was created using the ACIS based solid modeler of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® The frequency domain solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® has been applied to accurately predict the input impedance, followed by a lumped element based equivelent circuit derivation to describe the impedance versus frequency.

Designing a band notch filter for a UWB antenna using CST MWS （用微波工作室设计用于超宽带天线的有带阻性质的滤波器）
Ad Reniers, Technical University Eindhoven High-data-rate wireless communications need wide bandwidths. In the Ultra-Wideband (UWB) frequency band from 3.1 GHz to 10.6 GHz, information may be spread over a large bandwidth at low power levels thus creating the possibility to share the spectrum with other users. To prevent interference with existing wireless systems, like IEEE 802.11a WLAN, stop band characteristics are required from 5 GHz to 6 GHz*. The notch filter function is designed in a low-cost circular planar dipole antenna based on the ‘two-penny’ dipole. To achieve the required specifications for this notch function we used first the CST optimizer. After that we optimized systematic the design. In this presentation we want to show the results of both approaches to achieve a maximum result and try to understand the working of this notch and spur function in this compact UWB antenna. * Paper: Low-cost, compact UWB antenna with frequency band-notch function. H.J. Visser. Read full article..

A Dual-Mode Conical Horn Antenna for Rotationally Symmetric Beam （具有旋转对称波瓣性质的双模圆锥喇叭天线）
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® has been succesfully applied to the simulation of a wide-band dual-mode horn antenna which exhibits a rotationally symmetric beam and low side-lobe levels.

A Small, Efficient, Linear-polarized Omni-directional Antenna （小型高效率线极化全向天线）
Nearly full-sized performance from a spherical coil only 1/6th as long in the E-plane normal direction as a half-wave dipole antenna.

Ferrite-loaded waveguide antenna （加载金属材料的波导天线）
The behaviour of a ferrite loaded waveguide antenna is predicted first by a 2D-analytical model and second by CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The results of the predictions are compared with measurements. (Courtesy and permission of KAIST Korea.)

Multiple Band-Notched Planar Monopole UWB Antenna （多带阻平面单极超宽带天线）
A multiple band-notched planar monopole antenna for multiband wireless systems is presented. The proposed antenna consists of a wideband planar monopole Antenna and the multiple U-shape slots, producing band-notched characteristics. This technique is suitable for creating ultra-wideband (UWB) antenna with narrow frequency notches or for creating multiband antennas. Various antenna configurations were simulated with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®.

Ultra-Wide-Band Printed Circular Dipole Antenna （圆形偶极子超宽带天线）
A UWB dipole antenna composed of circular arms containing a special feeding system is modeled simulated using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®, the results of which are presented in this article. The design, developed by IETR-INSA / Thomson R&D France, shows good broadband matching (3-10 GHz) and an omnidiectional radiation pattern up to 6 GHz.

Automotive Simulation using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® （用微波工作室仿真汽车）
This article concerns the application of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) to the simulation of electrically large automotive structures. CST MWS is ideal for such applications since the geometry can be easily imported and modified using the powerful user interface, the accurate and robust PERFECT BOUNDARY APPROXIMATION (PBA)® approximation is exploited, the linear scaling of memory with increasing mesh cells and the ability to simulate broadband in one single simulation. An example of an on-glass antenna simulation is also demonstrated highlighting the versatility of the CST MWS Transient solver.

Phase Center Computation of a Corrugated Horn （计算波纹型喇叭的相位中心）
For a customer given corrugated horn the phase center has been computed using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and compared with measurement data. The simulated results are in very good agreement with measurements. Measurements were provided with courtesy and permission of Kathrein Werk KG, Rosenheim, Germany.

Simulation of a compact antenna （仿真小型天线）
This article demonstrates the simulation of an electrically large antenna. The design and numerical results are courtesy and permission of Chelton Antennas, France. The antenna operates at 8 GHz and was simulated using the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® Transient Solver which is, as a result of its efficient memory scaling, ideal for such electrically large structures - the dish diameter in this example is approximately 20 wavelengths in size.

Antenna Placement on a Box （放置在盒子上的天线）
In this article the new I! Solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is used to calculate the input impedance of a monopole antenna on a conducting box. This simple example demonstrates the accuracy of the Integral Equation Solver. Geometry and results are from the paper "The Input Impedance of a Monopole Antenna Mounted on a Cubical Conducting Box“ by Shyamal Bhattacharya, Stuart A. Long, Donald R. Wilton. IEEE Transactions on Antennas and Propagation, Vol. AP 35, No. 7, July 1987.

Vivaldi Antenna
Microwave Engineering Europe's (MWEE) EM simulation benchmark has become quite a tradition over the last few years, enticing some of the best known software providers to put their diverse simulation methods to the test.

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2楼发表于: 2010-06-16 20:21:44

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 3

Pillbox Antenna （药盒形状的天线）
This huge Pillbox Antenna was optimised by one of our customers even during the evaluation period of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO

Printed Dipole Antenna with Integrated Balun （集成了不平衡转换器的双极天线）
This note shows simulation results for a printed Dipole Antenna with integrated Balun. The design is based on the article "3-D FDTD Design Analysis of a 2.4-GHz Polarization-Diversity Printed Dipole Antenna With Integrated Balun and Polarization-Switching Circuit for WLAN and Wireless Communication Applications" by Huey-Ru Chuang, and Liang-Chen Kuo, IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, VOL. 51, NO. 2, FEBRUARY 2003。

Terahertz broadband metal-dielectric near-field antenna （太赫兹宽带金属-介质近场天线）
The article presents an antenna-based approach to near-field imaging and spectroscopy, which can be used for both continuous-wave and pulsed broadband electromagnetic radiation from microwave to terahertz frequencies. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) was used to perform the simulations.

Connectors（连接器）

3D EM Simulation in the Design Flow of High-Speed Multi-Pin Connectors （高速多针脚连接器三维电磁仿真设计流程）
This article describes the design flow for a high speed connector using different simulation tools. The goal is to enable a first pass design without time-intensive and costly iteration steps. In addition to other simulation tools, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) is used during different stages of the design process to find fundamental design parameters and to predict the behaviour of a complete telecommunication system.

Power Rating Simulation of the new QNS connector generation （新一代QNS连接器功率级别仿真）
IMS Connector Systems is an international, technology driven company specialized in development and production of high frequency connections. The product range includes a large assortment of coaxial RF connectors, coaxial cable assemblies, RF test switches, RF antenna switches, test adapters and test assemblies, battery contacts as well as antennas for mobile devices. Application and Simulation using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and CST EM STUDIO™ by Roland Baur, IMS Connector Systems, Löffingen, Germany.

Applications of 3D Electromagnetic Modeling in Magnetic Recording: ESD and Signal Integrity （磁性录制三维电磁建模：ESD和信号集成）
John Contreras and Al Wallash, Hitachi Global Storage Technologies, presentation at the 5th North American Userforum, 2008.

RJ45 Interconnect Signal Integrity （水晶头连接器信号集成）
An RJ45 connector model, imported from Pro/E®, is simulated in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The time domain waveforms are compared to TDR measurements. Model and results courtesy of North East Systems Associates (NESA).

Signal integrity analysis and circuit extraction of a mounted SMA connector （已安装的SMA连接头信号集成模拟和电路扩展）
A physically based method is used for estimating the equivalent circuit model of an SMA connector soldered on the top plane of a multi-layer board and connected to a single-end stripline. Starting from the scattering parameters (S-parameters) evaluated using a simulation software package, the equivalent circuit is extracted by modeling each part of the structure. The circuit is then validated by comparing the outputs obtained via circuit-level simulation of the extracted physical circuit with those computed by means of the full wave solution.

A Polarisation Independent Bandpass FSS （无极化影响的带通频率选择表面）
This application note describes the use of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® in optimising the geometry of a free standing nested annular slot type Frequency Selective Surface (FSS). An isolation of better than 20 dB between the 316.5-325.5 GHz and 349.5-358.5 frequency bands was achieved in both the TE and TM planes for a 45 degree incident plane wave, while the insertion loss was below 1 dB.

Characterization of Photonic Structures with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO （微波工作室仿真光子结构特性）
Stefan Prorok, Hamburg University of Technology We present an overview of our current research activities in silicon photonics and thermal barrier coatings. Doing so, we will comment on how CST Microwave Studio can be used to design strip waveguides, micro ring resonators, as well as 2-D and 3-D photonic crystal structures. Particularly we will concentrate on the discussion of photonic crystal micro cavities which can be used as electro-optic modulators. It will be shown that MWS provides all the functionality to optimize and characterize optical micro cavities. The appearance of resonant modes is adjusted through eigenmode calculation of the photonic crystal waveguide modes. Time domain simulation with discrete port excitation is applied to calculate the intrinsic Q-factor of the cavity. Waveguide ports are used to model experimental conditions of excitation with strip waveguide modes. Field monitors help to understand the mechanism of energy loss from the cavity. The simulation results are compared to measurements on fabricated structures. As possible application we will show a hybrid silicon organic hetero structure cavity for GHz electro-optic modulation.

EM Simulation of a 6.7 GHz Coaxial Bragg Reflector （电磁仿真6.7G赫兹同轴Bragg反射器）
The Bragg Reflector implemented in the coaxial technology is an example for setting up simulations of periodic structures. The simulation is performed with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and compared to measurements.

Six-Pole Bandpassfilter with Single Cross-Coupling （单交叉耦合六极点带通滤波器）
Tuning of a coupled-resonator filter is performed in this article by using the group delay response of the input reflection coefficient of sequentially tuned resonators containing all the information necessary to design and tune filters. To achieve high out-of-band rejection losses a single transmission zero is introduced producing a pair of finite frequency poles. CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is used to optimize and/or tune the bandpass filter resonse in a complete model by applying the new, fast MOR-Frequency Domain Solver. To speed-up the tuning process the entire model is split up into several sections and recombined in CST DESIGN STUDIO™ to get the overall filter response.

Thermal Analysis of a Two-Cavity Dual-Mode Bandpass Filter （两腔双模式带通滤波器热性能模拟）
The CST EM STUDIO™ Thermal Solver has been applied to simulate the temperature distribution of a dual-mode filter. The current density distribution inside the lossy conductive metals is precomputed by CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® acting as the thermal source.

Modelling cavity filter temperature drift in CST MWS （微波工作室建模腔体滤波器温度漂移）
Metallic and dielectric cavity resonator filters continue to play an important role in the wireless infrastructure market. Particularly due to an increasing need co-site and co-locate several old and new standards performance requirements are getting more stringent. This is especially true for filter guard band gaps. One of the contributors to the filter bandwidth margin is the temperature drift allowance. This allowance is to allow for the filter response change due to (i) material thermal expansion/contraction, and (ii) change in the dielectric constant. A very useful technique has previously been developed to estimate the coaxial resonator temperature drift. This technique has extensively been verified in practice. However, its main limitation is that it relies on closed-form mathematical expressions, thus being applicable only to the canonical structures. In this paper we first reproduce in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® the expected temperature drift results for commonly-used filter resonators. We then go on to show that this new methodology can be applied to structures of arbitrary shape, with an arbitrary number of elements, and with arbitrary material composition. Finally, we consider temperature drift for structures where dielectrics as well as metals change their properties at different operating temperatures.

GSM/DCS Dual Antenna Switch Module (ASM) （900/1800双模天线转换模块）
This structure for mobile communication in LTCC technology combines a diplexer for the GSM and DCS frequency bands with a low pass filter for each band.

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3楼发表于: 2010-06-16 22:26:47

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 4

Photonic Band Gap Structure for a Particle Accelerator （用于粒子加速器的光子带沟结构）
This application has been succesfully simulated using the powerful Eigenmode Solver in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® with the aid of the Modal Analysis Module.

Dichroic Filter （分色镜）
The dichroic filter is an example for setting up simulations of frequency selective surfaces. The simulation is performed with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and compared to measurements.

Bandpass Waveguide Filter with Dual Mode Cavities （带有双模腔的带通波导滤波器）
This waveguide filter has been simulated with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® general purpose frequency domain solver applying a tetrahedral mesh.

Microstrip Bandstop and Lowpass Filters （微带带阻低通滤波器）
New, compact configurations for RF/microwave bandstop and lowpasss filters are presented. Compact footprints are achieved by folding the transmission lines in a microstrip platform. The effect of mutual coupling between the transmission lines, curved line sections, interconnecting lengths of the sections are taken into account to obtain the network parameters for the folded line filters. The folded line filters have practical dimensions for a wide range of electrical specifications, making physical implementation realizable. The filter designs have been validated by using full wave 3D EM simulation using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®, as well as by comparison with the measurements. The new designs presented should prove useful for a host of embedded passive and RFIC applications in the 1-10 GHz range.

Benchmark MEE 1997
The dual mode filter was developed, measured, and simulated by ESA (European Space Agency).

Five-Section Microstrip Hairpin-Filter （五节微带发夹滤波器）
The example design is a classic hairpin filter with a bandwidth of 3.6 to 4.3 GHz. The hairpin filter was designed for a return loss better than -20dB across the band. CST DESIGN STUDIO™ was used to design and tune the filter, the resulting layout was then verfied with the 3D- EM simulation software CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®.

Modal Analysis of a Dielectric 2 Port Filter （电介质两端口滤波器模式模拟）
Shown is the discretised model of a dielectric two circuit filter with coaxial input and output couplers.

Two-Cavity Monotron Particle in Cell (PIC) Simulation （两腔直越式速调管质点网格法仿真）
A monotron is a simple microwave tube which converts DC energy into RF energy. The simulation of such a two-cavity monotron with CST PARTICLE STUDIO® is performed and compared to published results.

Couplers（耦合器）

Optimisation of a 10-Way Conical Power Combiner （优化10路圆锥功率合成仪）
This article describes the use of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® in simulating and optimising a 10-way conical transmission line power combiner operating at X-band (6-14 GHz). Simulated and measured results are compared.

CST MWS Simulation of the SARAF RFQ 1.5 MeV/ nucleon proton/deuteron accelerator （微波工作室仿真1.5兆电子伏特核子加速器）
J. Rodnizki, Soreq NRC The SARAF RFQ is a four rod RFQ, operating at a frequency of 176 MHz, designed to bunch and accelerate a 4 mA deuteron/proton beam from 20 keV/nucleon DC up to 1.5 MeV/nucleon CW. The electrodes voltage for accelerating deuterons is 65 kV, a field of 22 MV/m (1.6 Kilpatrick). The RFQ injected power is induced by a loop coupler. The power needed to achieve this voltage is 250 kW, distributed along the 3.80 m RFQ length. This constitutes a power density that is approximately 3 times larger than that achieved in other 4-rod RFQs. The RFQ tank is made of 35 mm thick stainless steel. Its inner surface is electroplated with Copper. At high power, local high surface currents in the RFQ might cause overheating which will lead to out-gassing and in turn to sparking, which will prevent the RFQ from reaching the desired operating power. Therefore, there is a vital need for a detailed RF simulation of the RFQ, in combination with heat transfer simulations, in order to determine a priori the areas that heat up uncontrollably at high power, and aid in the design of further cooling to circumvent these phenomena. These simulations should include the RFQ detailed structure and its water cooling system, which incorporates a total flow of 1000 liter/minute. We used CST MWS to simulate the RF currents and fields in a 3D detailed model of the SARAF RFQ, including its loop coupler. The correct eigenmode was reproduced and both Qe and Qo are consistent with the measured ones. Detailed results reproduced the experimental observation of several overheated regions in the RFQ, including the end flanges and the plungers. Further results predicted overheating at regions around the bottom of several ports in the RFQ tank, as shown in figure 1, which were subsequently measured and are now being fixed by additional cooling.

Optical Ring-Coupler Simulation using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® （微波工作室仿真光学圆环耦合器）
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® can be succesfully applied to optical problems as shown in this example of an optical ring coupler solved up to 250 THz.

Transient Co-Simulation of a Hybrid Ring Mixer with Matching Network （带有匹配网络的混合器联合仿真）
This article demonstrates a strong feature of CST STUDIO SUITE™: Co-Simulation of a hybrid mixer with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) and CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS). A full 3D model is simulated and matched to a network using the in-built circuit simulator. Measured results compare well to the simulated results.

EMCs（电磁兼容）

Crosstalk effects of shielded twisted pairs （屏蔽双绞线的串扰分析）
This article deals with the modeling and simulation of shielded twisted pairs with CST CABLE STUDIO™. The quality of braided shields is investigated with respect to perfect solid shields. Crosstalk effects are calculated for unshielded twisted pairs, poorly shielded twisted pairs, and twisted pairs with high-quality shields. Explanations are given for the set up of realistic simulations in order to be able to compare them with measurement results.

Calibration of probes for EMC near-field scanning （近场扫描探针校正）
Matthias Spang, University Erlangen-Nuremberg In order to carry out near-field scans of printed circuit boards for EMC investigations, knowledge of the electric and magnetic fields above various calibration boards is necessary. CST Microwave Studio’s transient solver is therefore employed to calculate the near-field patterns on a scanning plane above various microstrip structures. After a spatial 2D-Fourier-transformation, the field values and the measured probe output signals are used to determine the field probe’s receiving characteristics. The results of this calibration process are then verified by applying them on further field measurements with the probe above another microstrip structure and comparing the obtained field strengths with respective simulations again. To obtain a high spatial field resolution, roughly 2.5 million meshcells are used. The frequency band of interest extends from 1MHz up to 3GHz so that great importance is attached to sufficient energy decay.

Heat Sink Design Flow for EMC （热槽设计流程）
Heatsinks are large conductive objects which are typically ungrounded and placed above ASICs or other ICs. They may pickup and enhance radiation. With today's SerDes line rates, wavelength sizes in the system are now comparable to heatsink sizes. A design flow is proposed that will allow quick and systematic simulations of heatsink for EMI.

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4楼发表于: 2010-06-18 18:56:59

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 5

Electrostatic Discharge Modelling （静电放电建模）
This article describes how CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® may be used for performing simulative tests of the immunity of devices to electrostatic discharge (ESD). A user defined input signal may be combined with an optimised model geometry to closely model the behaviour of a real ESD generator.

Shielding Performance of a Metallic Rack used for Telecommunication Equipment : Simulation and Measurements （用于通信设备的金属架的屏蔽性能仿真与测试）
In this article CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) is applied to evaluate the radiated emissions due to a metallic enclosure when a loaded monopole antenna is located inside it. Good agreement with the measurements performed in a semi-anechoic chamber is obtained.

SHIELDING ANALYSIS OF A METALLIC ENCLOSURE （金属壳的屏蔽模拟）
The aim of this article is to emphasize the application of a statistical approach to the analysis of the shielding properties of a real enclosure for radio communication equipment. A model of the enclosure was simulated with the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) Transient solver. Excellent agreement between simulation and measured was obtained.

Modeling and Measurement of Shielding Enclosures （金属壳的建模与测试）
The shielding effectiveness (SE) of an enclosure has been simulated by using the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) and then compared to measurement from a known reference case.

Transient Simulation of a System-in-Package (SiP) （封装系统的瞬态仿真）
This article summarises the simulation of a System-in-Package (SiP) model using the CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) Transient Solver to determine the S-Parameters, field distribution and system response when excited with 10 and 20 GHz pulses with additional noise signals. An analysis of the SiP with a board mounting and its effect on the is resonant frequency is also performed. The EMC behaviour of the SiP with and without the mounted board is also considered. Permission and courtesy of AET Inc. Japan.

The Modelling of Lightning Strikes （雷击建模）
This article examines the modelling of lightning strikes using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS). The surface current distribution due to a double-exponential form lightning strike on the nose of an airplane is calculated by way of example.

Electrical Fast Transient/Burst (EFT/B) Susceptibility of an LV Circuit Breaker （低压断路器高速瞬态磁化率）
The coupled voltage at component level has been simulated using CST MWS for two PCB releases of the same Low Voltage Circuit Breaker (LV-CB) electronic control scheme. The results show a good agreement with actual measurements.

Conductor Backed Coplanar Wave Guide （背接导体的CPW）
This example shows the simulation of a conductor backed coplanar waveguide with a ground via fence for reducing EMI radiation. The excellent agreement between simulation and simulated results can be observed.

Transmission Line Noise Source Simulation with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® （微波工作室仿真传输线噪声源）
This article demonstrates the simulatenous excitation of arbitrary waveforms at a number of different ports. A noise source in the form of a loop circuit is place above an IC package and the influence of the noise source on the transmission of differential signals in the IC feed tranmssion lines is investigated. Two frequency ranges were simulated, 1-10 GHz and 1-20 GHz. The simulations were carried out using the simultaneous excitation feature in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS).

Cavity Modes in a Shielding Enclosure （屏蔽壳内腔的模式）
Ms. Lis box: This shielding enclosure shows electromagnetic interference (EMI) from a slot, caused by the coupling of the internal source with cavity modes.

Signal Integrity（信号完整性）

3D EM simulation of mixed analog / digital multilayer PCB （混合模拟-数字信号的多层印刷电路板三维电磁仿真）
This article describes the use of CST CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) to solve a coupling problem in a mixed analog – digital multilayer PCB card. Courtesy and permission of Alvarion, Ltd, Tel-Aviv, Israel. This example gives an insight into the usefulness of simulation of problems that cannot be investigated easily via measurement and allows the engineer to carry out virtual experiments as demonstrated here with the cutting of the signal trace. Experiments may show the presence of a particular problem but not its location. Even when the problem has been located, further prototypes and experiments are costly and time-consuming. CST MWS offers a straightforward workflow for the set-up and simulation of such problems via its advanced user-interface and EDA interfaces.

Signal Integrity Analysis of a Complex Multi-Layered Package （复杂多层封装系统信号完整性模拟）
This article concerns the Signal Integrity (SI) analysis of a multi-layered package imported from Cadence® Allegro® via the CST Cadence Link. The typical workflow for setting up and simulating such models in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) as well as in CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS) are presented. Simulated results correlate well with measurements.

3D Full Wave Cross-Talk Simulation of Multilayer PCB （多层印刷电路板串扰仿真）
The actual trend in the silicon industry toward higher levels of integration generates chips with densities of tens of millions of transistors. As a consequence, the signal switching frequency in modem digital equipment is beyond the gigahertz range. When the bandwidth requirement increases, the electrical properties of the interconnections affect and limit the integrity of the traveling digital signals. These phenomena also have an impact on the electromagnetic compatibility (EMC) performance of the system since corrupted signals can easily increase the unwanted electromagnetic interference (EMI). This article summaries the simulations and measurement carried out using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® on a multilayered PCB.

Signal Integrity (SI) analysis with CST PCB STUDIO™ （CST印刷电路板工作室信号完整性模拟）
This article highlights the modeling and simulation of signal integrity effects with CST PCB STUDIO™ (CST PCBS). It explains how the technology (layer stackup) can be determined and which modeling options are available. Since SI investigations require significant driver and receiver models, so-called IBIS models are used for the simulation. IBIS is short for I/O Buffer Information Specification and a standard used by many IC manufacturers. Using IBIS models avoids having to creating handmade loads in the schematic and therefore eases the simulation setup process and automatically increases accuracy.

Using CST MWS for Signal Integrity problems （用微波工作室处理信号完整性问题）
This article is concerned with the important issue of Signal Integrity and the application of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® to the investigation of the characterisation of an SMA connector on a multi-layer PCB.

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5楼发表于: 2010-06-21 21:56:19

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 6

Cross-SSN analysis in multilayer Printed Circuit Boards （模拟多层印刷电路板交叉SSN）
This article demonstrates how CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® has been applied to the Signal Integrity analysis of a multilayer PCB structure. Good agreement with measurement is shown as well as the results for a design suggestion to reduce coupling between planes.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Cross-SSN+analysis+in+multilayer+Printed+Circuit+Boards

Full Package Signal Integrity Analysis （模拟整体封装的信号完整性）
This article presents the use of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) for the simulation of large IC packages. From the time domain simulation network parameters can be extracted and further processed in CST DESIGN STUDIO™.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Full+Package+Signal+Integrity+Analysis

Cadence® Allegro® Import in CST STUDIO SUITE™ （在CST工作室套件中导入Cadence® Allegro®）
An overview is given of the capabilities of the Cadence Allegro import feature in the CST STUDIO SUITE™. The user has full control over the layout export in Cadence itself and during the import process in CST STUDIO SUITE™. Cross-section and packaging export facilitites mean that layers, dies, and bond wires can be specified in the process. The imported structure is also subjected to an automatic cleaning and healing process to ensure an efficient simulation process. Depending on the size, complexity and required results, either the CST Time-Domain Solver or the Frequency Domain Solver may be used to establish the signal integrity of such layouts.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Cadence%26reg%3b+Allegro%26reg%3b+Import+in+CST+STUDIO+SUITE%26trade%3b

Signal Integrity of Cadence Allegro® backplane trace import
A portion of a backplane, designed with the Cadence Allegro® layout tool, is imported into CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. This section consists of a differential pair with vias which go through the board. The structure was analyzed in Microwave Studio. The simulation results demonstrate the impact of backdrilling the signal vias to improve the signal integrity performance. A detailed SPICE model of the transmission path is created and its accuracy is verified.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Signal+Integrity+of+Cadence+Allegro%26reg%3b+backplane+trace+import

IC Package Simulation （仿真集成电路封装）
In this article the simulation of parasitic effects in a standard IC package is shown. The transient simulator in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) offers the advantage, that effects such as crosstalk and signal delay can be investigated in both time and frequency domain. Additionally, the simulation results can be used to generate an equivalent RLC network model that has the same S-Parameters as the 3D EM simulation but can be included in the overal circuit simulation of the logical parts of the IC.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/IC+Package+Simulation

3D IR-Drop simulation of a complex multilayer PCB （复杂多层印刷电力版三维IR-Drop仿真）
This article deals with the simulation of the voltage drop for complex power delivery networks. Such a simulation is useful to the design engineer in order to ensure power integrity. With the help of the CST EM STUDIO™ stationary current solver the 3D distribution of the potential and current density on all layers of a complex PCB board can be easily determined. The static IR-Drop simulation is the primary focus in this article but a dynamic simulation would also be possible in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/3D+IR-Drop+simulation+of+a+complex+multilayer+PCB

Conductor Backed Coplanar Wave Guide
This example shows the simulation of a conductor backed coplanar waveguide with a ground via fence for reducing EMI radiation. The excellent agreement between simulation and simulated results can be observed.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Conductor+Backed+Coplanar+Wave+Guide

CMOS VCSEL Driver Design using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and Agilent ADS |,cQJ
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and Agilent ADS have been successfully employed in this OEIC driver design - an example of a high speed analog/broadband IC application.The package model was imported from Agilent momentum and the model was simulated upto a 100 GHz in CST MWS.The resulting eye diagrams of the driver design from CST MWS are compared with those from Agilent momentum and other test cases.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/CMOS+VCSEL+Driver+Design+using+CST+MICROWAVE+STUDIO%26reg%3b+and+Agilent+ADS

Charged Particle Dynamics （加速动态粒子）

Particle Sources （粒子源）

Electron Gun for a 6-18GHz, 20W Helix-TWT Amplifier （6-18G赫兹电子枪）
Electron guns are the starting point of every charged particle application. There the DC energy is translated into an extracted beam which later on interacts with all kinds of RF structures. The design and analysis of an electron gun can be performed with the tracking code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO® as shown in this article.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Electron+Gun+for+a+6-18GHz%2c+20W+Helix-TWT+Amplifier

Consistent Charged Particle Simulation of a Pierce Gun
The pierce type gun example demonstrates the analysis of an electrically large gun configuration using CST PARTICLE STUDIO™

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Consistent+Charged+Particle+Simulation+of+a+Pierce+Gun

CST PARTICLE STUDIO™ Simulation of a Depressed Collector
A multi-stage depressed collector for the "Rijnhuizen" Fusion Free-Electron Maser (FEM) is simulated with CST PARTICLE STUDIO™. The results are reproduced with permission of Pulsar Physics. See also M.J. de Loos, S.B. van der Geer, Pulsar Physics, Nucl. Instr. and Meth. in Phys. Res. B, Vol 139, 1997.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/CST+PARTICLE+STUDIO%e2%84%a2+Simulation+of+a+Depressed+Collector

Wake Field Simulation of a Collimator
The simulation of the wake field effect in a collimator can be performed using CST PARTICLE STUDIO™ (CST PS). Wake field effects are an important aspect in the design process of such linear collider components.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Wake+Field+Simulation+of+a+Collimator

Wake Field Simulation of a Beam Position Monitor gBp,p\ Xc
This article shows how the wake field solver of CST PARTICLE STUDIO™ can be used to simulate a beam position monitor in the pick-up mode. The used beam position monitor is a quarter wavelength electrode similar to the one used in the Electron Storage Ring (ESR) of the Gesellschaft für Schwerionenforschung (GSI) Darmstadt.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Wake+Field+Simulation+of+a+Beam+Position+Monitor

Periodic Eigenmode Simulation of a Travelling Wave Tube yB0xa%
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® enables the simulation of periodic eigenmode problems such as Travelling Wave Tubes(TWT). The group velocity and phase dispersion characteristics can be extracted as well as the Pierce Impedance.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Article.aspx?name=Periodic+Eigenmode+Simulation+of+a+Travelling+Wave+Tube&path=

Klystron Output Resonator - Particle-in-Cell (PIC) Simulation
This article shows the simulation of a klystron output resonator. The simulation was performed using the Particle in Cell (PIC) code of CST PARTICLE STUDIO™. The PIC code is embedded in the transient solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and benefits therefore from a mature environment.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Klystron+Output+Resonator+-+Particle-in-Cell+(PIC)+Simulation

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6楼发表于: 2010-06-23 17:19:21

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 7

Electron Tubes （电子管）

Microfabricated Folded Waveguide for Broadband Traveling Wave Tube Application （用于行波管应用的显微折叠波导）
Microfabrication becomes also in the vacuum tube community more and more popular. The reason is the need for miniaturization when going to higher frequencies. Circuits created by conventional fabrication techniques are not robust enough. Therefore a microfabricated folded waveguide for 220GHz has been designed and analysed by means of 3D simulation using the Particle in Cell (PIC) solver of CST PARTICLE STUDIO®.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Microfabricated+Folded+Waveguide+for+Broadband+Traveling+Wave+Tube+Application

Simulation of 650 GHz Backward Wave Oscillators （仿真650G赫兹后向振荡器）
In this acticle the simulation of novel interdigital backward wave oscillators with CST PARTICLE STUDIO® is described. The mutual coupling of the charged particle movement and transient electromagnetic fields is taken into account by a sophisticated Particle in Cell algorithm. The resulting output power is in excellent agreement with theoretical values. Results are presented with the courtesy and permission of Teraphysics Corporation, USA.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Simulation+of+650+GHz+Backward+Wave+Oscillators

Statics and Low Frequency （静力学和低频）

Electrostatics （电静力）

Electrostatic Simulation of a High Voltage Bushing （高压绝缘套的电静力学仿真）
This example shows the simulation of a high voltage transformer bushing using CST EM STUDIO™'s Electrostatic solver.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Electrostatic+Simulation+of+a+High+Voltage+Bushing

Electrostatic Simulation of a medical X-Ray device （医学X射线设备的电静力学仿真）
CST EM STUDIO™'s Electrostatic Solver can be used to establish electric breakdown fields in X-Ray devices. A STEP model of the device was imported via CST EMS's comprehensive CAD Interface.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Electrostatic+Simulation+of+a+medical+X-Ray+device

MEMS Comb Sensor
The article describes the simulation of a MEMS comb sensor using CST EM STUDIO™. First different shapes of the combs are discussed. Using CST EMS's efficient mesh scheme, the full structure was also simulated.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/MEMS+Comb+Sensor+

Magnetostatics （磁静力）

A 3-Phase Tubular Permanent Magnet Linear Generator for Marine Applications （用于航海的3相管状永磁线性发生器）
This article is concerned with the application of CST EMS to the design and analysis of a tubular permanent magnet linear generator. Demonstrated is the proposal of a possible application of tubular generator, the analysis of a system definition in order to define a first optimization criteria and 3D electromagnetic simulation based on finite inegration method to carry out a parametric analysis of the machine behavior. This is a summary of the work carried out by Andrea Pirisi, G. Gruosso, Riccardo E. Zich of the Politecnico di Milano, Italy.

3D Magnetostatic Analysis of Magneto-Inductive Devices for NDT （用于无损测试的磁感设备的三维磁静力仿真）
This work presents the 3D magnetostatic numerical analysis based on Finite Integration Technique applied to the design of magneto-inductive devices for the Non Destructive Testing (NDT) of ferromagnetic ropes. The problem is characterised by several design aspects and by the high saturation level reached in the device core and in the rope under testing. CST EM STUDIO® was used for the virtual prototyping which entailed the the optimisation of permanent dimensions using 3D non-linear magnetostatic optimisation. Measured versus simulated results are presented.

Non-linear 3D EM Simulation of a Speedometer for Automotive Applications （汽车速度表非线性三维电磁仿真）
Automotive suppliers were among the first to incorporate numerical simulation in the product development process to reduce development cycles and minimize the production costs. Electromagnetic field simulation such as provided by CST EM STUDIO® (CST EMS) helps the engineers to accelerate product development. This article shows the application of CST EMS to the simulation of a stepper motor found in speedometer applications.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Non-linear+3D+EM+Simulation+of+a+Speedometer+for+Automotive+Applications

CST EM STUDIO® and SIMULINK® for the dynamic simulation of a two-state linear actuator for an automated gear box （用CST电磁工作室和Simulink动态联合仿真两极自动换档驱动器）
This article shows a common approach to the simulation of electromechanical problems. A set of 3D electromagnetic field simulations using CST EM STUDIO® (CST EMS) are carried out on a linear actuator in order to obtain its electromagnetic characteristics for use in Simulink® where both the electrical and mechanical behaviour can be simulated.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/CST+EM+STUDIO%26reg%3b+and+SIMULINK%26reg%3b+for+the+dynamic+simulation+of+a+two-state+linear+actuator+for+an+automated+gear+box

Magnetostatic simulation of a magnetic injection valve （磁喷阀门的磁静力仿真）
CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS) is applied to the simulation of a magnetic injection valve by use of its non-linear magnetostatic solver. The aim of the simulation is to obtain the force on the valve armature as a function of the air gap between the armature and the main valve housing. Using the powerful and easy-to-use parameterisation features in CST EMS, a familly of force curves as functions of gap and excitation current can be easily generated.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Magnetostatic+simulation+of+a+magnetic+injection+valve

Magnetostatic Simulation of a Magnetic Brake （磁制动器的磁静力仿真）
CST EM STUDIO™ can be used to obtain the force-current characteristics of a magnetic brake. The Magnetostatic Solver is ideal for such an application.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Magnetostatic+Simulation+of+a+Magnetic+Brake

Permanent-Magnet DC Machine Simulation using CST EM STUDIO™ （用CST电磁工作室仿真永磁直流机）
This article summarises the setup and simulation of a small DC machine (50 W; 6000 rpm; 14 V) with ferromagnetic material, a double-layer wave rotor winding (Cu) and ceramic magnets on the stator side. CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS) features such as tetrahedral meshing, non-linear materials, easy-to-use parameterisation of geometry, rotor angles and armature currents are all applied to the simulation of the motor.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Permanent-Magnet+DC+Machine+Simulation+using+CST+EM+STUDIO%e2%84%a2

Current Flow （电流）

3D EM Simulation of a resistance spot welding gun （接触点焊枪的三维电磁仿真）
This article is concerned with the 3D electromagnetic modelling and equivalent circuit parameter extraction of a Resistance Spot Welding (RSW) gun. The parameters for the gun are not as easily established for the gun as for other RSW system components. The current transformer and electronic converter electrical parameters are either known or can be obtained by standard test procedures. This is not the case for the gun where the electrical parameters are unknown and difficult to measure. A 3D EM simulation using CST EM STUDIO® can be used to establish these parameters and complete the system characterisation.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/3D+EM+Simulation+of+a+resistance+spot+welding+gun+

Low Frequency （低频率）

3D Non-linear Transient Simulation of an SF6 550 kV 3-Phase Gas Insulated Bus （）
The combination of non-linear materials and eddy currents leads to a problem which cannot be solved with a steady-state eddy current solver. A transient solver is required and and inherently includes the feature that arbitrary time signals can be used for the excitation. The CST EM STUDIO® (CST EMS) transient solver allows such a simulation to be carried out. In this case, a Gas insulated Bus under short circuit conditions is investigated. The forces and losses on the bus bars can be calculated as a function of time.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/3D+Non-linear+Transient+Simulation+of+an+SF6+550+kV+3-Phase+Gas+Insulated+Bus+

Low frequency simulation of a Gas Insulated Switchgear （气隔绝开关电磁仿真）
The simulation of a gas insulated switch at 50 Hz is simulated with the low frequency solver in CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS). A Pro/E® model is imported, appropriate three-phased sources defined and a simulation performed to obtain the current distributions in the three phase conductors.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Low+frequency+simulation+of+a+Gas+Insulated+Switchgear

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7楼发表于: 2010-06-23 18:08:11

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 8

Electroquasistatic Simulation of a High Voltage Insulator （高压隔离器的电准静态仿真）
This article demonstrates the application of the CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS) electroquasistatic (EQS) solver to the simulation of a high voltage insulator. It also demonstrates the difference between the results obtained from the EQS Solver and Electro-Static Solver.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Electroquasistatic+Simulation+of+a+High+Voltage+Insulator

TEAM Benchmark 7 - Asymmetrical conductor model with a hole （带有一个洞的不对称导体）
This article presents the results of a CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS) low frequency simulation of the TEAM Workshop Benchmark 7. The excellent simulation performance of the low frequency solver is demonstrated.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/TEAM+Benchmark+7+-+Asymmetrical+conductor+model+with+a+hole

TEAM Benchmark 8 - Non-destructive testing example : Coil above a crack （无损检测：缝隙上的线圈）
The TEAM Workshop Benchmark Problem no. 8 - Coil above a crack - is solved with CST EM STUDIO™. Results are compared with measurements.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/TEAM+Benchmark+8+-+Non-destructive+testing+example+%3a+Coil+above+a+crack

Biomedical devices and em field exposure （生物医学设备和电磁场暴射）

Modeling Temperature Effects of RF Thermoablation in a Human Liver using the bioheat formulation in CST DE （使用CST DE生物热公式建模人体肝脏微波热切除的温度效应）
This article is concerned with the evaluation of the temperature distribution inside a human liver when a catheter is inserted. It summarises the simulations performed with the HUGO and University of L'Aquila's ALES anatomical models. The co-simulation procedure using both CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) and CST EM STUDIO™ (CST EMS) is also described. With permission and courtesy of the University of L'Aquila, Italy.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Modeling+Temperature+Effects+of+RF+Thermoablation+in+a+Human+Liver+using+the+bioheat+formulation+in+CST+DE

EM field distribution and SAR in a Human Head with MRI Coil （带有MRI线圈的人头电磁场分布和SAR）
CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) was used to aid in the computational investigation of the transverse B1-field homogeneity and SAR values in a 11.7 T / 500 MHz 4-port driven RF head coil loaded with a high-resolution human model (HUGO based on the Visible Human Project®). The simulations show the expected enhancement of the B-field in the centre of the head compared with the unloaded case and no significant changes in the maximum 1g SAR values between 2-port linear and circular polarizations. This work was carried out by CEA Saclay, France and is summarised in this article with the permssion and courtesy of Xavier Hanus and his colleagues.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/EM+field+distribution+and+SAR+in+a+Human+Head+with+MRI+Coil

HUGO Human Body Model （HUGO人体模型）
This article demonstrates the capabilities for importing the HUGO dataset via the CST STUDIO SUITE™ Voxel Data Interface.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/HUGO+Human+Body+Model

3D EM/Circuit Co-Simulation （三维电磁/电路联合仿真）

Direct transient co-simulation of a Step Recovery Diode (SRD) Pulse Generator （阶跃恢复二极管脉冲发生器瞬态联合仿真）
The unique network co-simulation feature in CST STUDIO SUITE™ 2009 enables a direct transient simulation of a 3D CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) structure with non-linear lumped components or circuit networks in CST DESIGN STUDIO™ (CST DS). This article shows the application of this feature to the simulation of a Step Recovery Diode (SRD) pulse generator.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Direct+transient+co-simulation+of+a+Step+Recovery+Diode+(SRD)+Pulse+Generator

Electrical Large Structures （大尺寸结构）

Radar Cross Section and Surface Current Simulation for a Helicopter （仿真直升飞机的RCS和表面电流）
We present the RCS and surface current simulation for an electrically large helicopter. The simulation is done using a plane wave excitation at 7GHz. The helicopter is approximately 180 wavelengths in size. The calculation is performed with the Integral Equation solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® using the Multilevel Fast Multipole Method. The solver is very accurate and efficient in terms of complexity for simulating electrically large structures.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Radar+Cross+Section+and+Surface+Current+Simulation+for+a+Helicopter

Radar Cross Section and Farfield Simulation of an Aircraft （飞机的RCS和远场仿真）
The article describes the RCS and farfield simulation of a large airplane at a frequency of 4GHz. The simulation is performed with the new Integral Equation solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. The length and width of the airplane is about 27 meters, and the total height is about 8 meters. The excitation is done by a plane wave from the front. In total, the calculation for the airplane is approximately 350 wavelengths in size. We perform a monostatic RCS calculation and we show the farfield and surface current distributions for the airplane.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Radar+Cross+Section+and+Farfield+Simulation+of+an+Aircraft

Miscellaneous （综合）

Optical Devices （光学设备）

Modeling Double Negative Materials with CST STUDIO SUITE™ （用CST工作室套件建模双负数材料）
This paper describes how Double Negative Materials (DNG) material can be simulated in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) by using dispersive materials.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Modeling+Double+Negative+Materials+with+CST+STUDIO+SUITE%e2%84%a2

Photonic Crystal Simulation （光晶体仿真）
The paper demonstrates the possibilitiy to model photonic cyrystals using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. A one dimensional periodic band-gap structure is simulated using the Transient Solver.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Photonic+Crystal+Simulation

Electromagnetic Field Simulation of Nanometric Optical Tweezers （纳米光镊子的电磁场仿真）
This paper shows how the frequency domain solver of CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) can be used to calculate the near field distribution of metallic and dielectric objects at optical frequencies. This web paper is based on the publication “Theory of Nanometric Optical Tweezers” by Lukas Novotny, Randy X. Bian, and X. Sunney Xie, Physical Review Letters, Volume 79, No. 4, 28 July 1997.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Electromagnetic+Field+Simulation+of+Nanometric+Optical+Tweezers.

Light Trapping in Thin-Film Silicon Solar Cells with periodic Nano-Structures （周期纳米结构薄膜硅太阳能电池光诱捕）
This article summarises the simulation study conducted with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® (CST MWS) of thin-film silicon solar cells with nano-structured interfaces. The good agreement between the experimental data and solar cell simulations shows the reliability and versatility of the performed FIT simulations to investigate nano-optics of thin-film solar cell devices in 3 dimensions. This article is presented with the courtesy and permission of Hasse, C. and Stiebig, H. , Forschungszentrum Juelich who gave a presentation of their work at the CST European User group Meeting at Boppard, Germany, 9-10th March 2006.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Light+Trapping+in+Thin-Film+Silicon+Solar+Cells+with+periodic+Nano-Structures

Plane Wave Interactions with a Dielectric Half-Space at 60 THz （60太赫兹半空间电介质与行波的互作用）
In this article, CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® is used to illuminate an infinite dielectric half-space with a uniform plane wave and the reflection and transmission quantities are obtained. This problem has an analytical solution which serves to validate the simulation. The same procedure is then applied to a more generalized geometry which lacks a known analytical solution.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Plane+Wave+Interactions+with+a+Dielectric+Half-Space+at+60+THz

Dispersive Materials （色散材料）

Left-Handed Wave Propagation of a Coplanar Waveguide based on Split Ring Resonators （基于隙环共振器的共面波导的左手电磁波传播）
Metamaterials are a new class of man-made materials that can be engineered to respond to electromagntec fields in unconventional ways. The response of a material to an EM field is described by permittivity and can be tuned in meta-materials to assume negative values. This means that the material can reverse the phase of propagating waves and are commonly referred to as left-handed materials (LHM). A famous concept of LHM -the Split Ring Resonator (SRR) consists of periodic metallic structures controlling EM-properties on a macroscopic scale. The model presented here consists of a coplanar waveguide (CPW) periodically coupled to SRRs forming a bandpass behaviour.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Left-Handed+Wave+Propagation+of+a+Coplanar+Waveguide+based+on+Split+Ring+Resonators

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8楼发表于: 2010-06-23 18:12:19

CST官方应用文章汇总（英文）- 9

Microwave Plasma Sources （微波等离子源）
Optimisation of Microwave Plasma Sources with the transient, frequency domain and eigenmode solvers of MAFIA.

http://www.cst.com/Content/Applications/Article/Microwave+Plasma+Sources

Plasmas （等离子）

Development of VHF Inductively Coupled Plasma (ICP) Source （开发甚高频感应耦合等离子源）
In this presentation CST MICROWAE STUDIO was used for plasma uniformity prediction through the E/H-field and power loss distribution. The plasma source S-parameter are analysed and the impedance-matching-network for different antenna is designed. Finally a high-frequency & large-area plasma source is analysed. Dr. Hyun-su Jun, KAIST, Low-temperature plasma lab. Presentation on the Korean CST User Group Meeting 2009.

2010年7月2日添加一篇

Solution of eddy current non linear problems （非线性漩涡电流解决方案）
Fabio Freschi, Politecnico di Torino The work presents a two stage approach to solve a class of nonlinear 3D eddy current problems with high saturation, typical of induction heating processes. The proposed method separates the problem of heavy nonlinearity from the complexity of the geometry, by resorting to a 1D fast nonlinear solver which is coupled with a CST 3D solver. Under certain hypotheses on the geometry, the approach is shown to be effective and accurate. Comparison with the full 3d nonlinear approach obtained with a commercial code will be provided.

2010年7月7日添加一篇

Meta-Modeling with OptiY® Design Space Visualization for Electromagnetic Applications in CST Studio Suite®
The-Quan Pham, OptiY e.K. Meta-modeling is a process to win the mathematical relationship between design parameters and product characteristics. For each point in the parameter space, there is a corresponding point of the design space. Many model calculations should be performed to show the relationship between outputs and inputs systematically. For a high computing effort of the product model, it is practically infeasible. Adaptive response surface methodology can be used to solve this problem. The mathematical relationship between design parameters and product characteristics presents a new dimension of the simulation results and called meta-model. Based on this meta-model, a virtual optimization or test of the virtual design can be performed very fast to evaluate and to improve the design under real conditions. The meta-model can be exported into C-, Modelica-, or Matlab-code for further using as surrogate model in system simulation as Matlab/Simulink, circuit-simulators. We apply this on a hybrid waveguide junction in CST Studio Suite. Design parameters are geometrical dimensions of the junction. The reflection and transmission at the operating point 8GHz are defined as design goals.

2010年12月3日添加两篇

Sirona cuts development costs of dental X-Ray equipment with the aid of 3D EM Simulation iH>b"H>
Electromagnetic simulation using CST EMS is now established at the heart of these significant improvements to the development and manufacturing processes. The software is extremely reliable, robust and efficient. The CST EMS development team reacts swiftly to our needs and feature requests and is always receptive to new ideas and suggestions. As a consequence, we believe that product support, in addition to the software‘s powerful features, has contributed to the success of EM simulation at Sirona

Microdul gains deeper insight into finger detection sensors with CST EM STUDIO ZgmK~iJ
“CST software has definitely improved our knowledge about EM fields. With the newly obtained knowledge we can now better advise potential customers. We believe that this puts us ahead of our competitors. The CST software definitely met our expectations. The intuitively usable software is working efficiently and is stable.”

2011年1月27日添加一篇

Investigation of Backward Wave Propagation on LHM Split Ring Resonators (SRRs)
This article demonstrates that a dense array of Split Ring Resonator (SRR) can be considered as a gyrotropic bianisotropic media with magneto-electric coupling effects. The simulation of such SRRs with CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® demonstrates the propagation of a backward wave component in a certain frequency range where the structure behaves as a medium with a negative refractive index.

2011年2月1日添加一篇

Ku-Band Traveling Wave Tube
This article describes the hot and cold test analysis of a traveling wave tube. Such a simulation uses a broad spectrum of the solvers available in CST STUDIO SUITE™. The complete simulation procedure is shown. First the electron gun is analyzed. Then the dispersion characteristics of the slow wave structure are evaluated. Finally the particle in cell (PIC) simulation of the beam inside the vacuum tube is performed.

2011年3月9日添加一篇

Electrostatic simulation of a 24 kV SF6 gas insulated ring-main unit load break switch
This article is concerned with the features required for a 3D electrostatic computation, using CST EM STUDIO® (CST EMS) of a power engineering application for which a medium voltage SF6 main ring unit load break switch manufactured by ABB Distribution, Skien, Norway [1] has been taken. A CAD model of the equipment was provided with the permission and courtesy of ABB, Bad Dättwil, Switzerland. Electrostatic simulations are used to indicate the locations of critical spots where discharges may occur. For such an analysis, workflow and accuracy are essential requirements.

2011年4月1日添加一篇

C-Band On-Axis Coupled Standing Wave Linear Accelerator
Linear Accelerators (Linacs) are widely employed in accelerator facilities. Linear acceleration is the method of choice for light particles as synchrotron radiation effects limit the usability of circular accelerators for these particles. Industrial applications require compact linacs for the acceleration of electrons with target energy in the range between 1 and 25 MeV. CST MWS and PS can be used to investigate the high frequency behaviour of linac structures as well as the interaction between particles and the accelerating field.

2011年4月5日添加一篇

Simulation of Photonic Crystal Cavities Np;tpq~
This article demonstrates how properties of the resonant modes of photonic crystal (PhC) point defect cavities are obtained from transient solver simulations using CST MICROWAVE STUDIO®. In this example a single point defect in a triangular lattice of air holes in a high refractive index slab is used. Properties of particular interest are: the resonance frequency, intrinsic Q factor and field distribution of the resonant modes. The cavity is excited using discrete ports, and the spectral features are recorded with point probes. The Q factor is determined from the energy decay rate and using auto regressive filtering. 2D and 3D field monitors record the field distributions.

2011年7月26日添加一篇

<P><STRONG>A Square Loop Antenna Using Hybrid High Impedance Surface and Four Way Wilkinson Power Divider</STRONG></P>
A simulation of a planar Square Loop Antenna (SLA) on a Hybrid High Impedance Surface including the feeding part using a 4 way Wilkinson power divider is shown in this article. Placing the planar antenna over a hybrid High Impedance Surface (HIS) can lower the overall antenna profile due to the unique reflection phase of the HIS. The planar SLA produces a semi doughnut radiation pattern which is suitable for vehicular communication. The effect of the feed network and cables on the antenna performance is considered.

2012年3月9日添加三篇

SMD resistor modelling, Wilkinson power divider
Abstract: This application note contains a description how to simulate SMD resistor with thick/thin resistive layer in both T and F domain. A material setting (conductivity/ohmic sheet) is discussed. An examle of Wilkinson divider is included. All the projects are attached ina zip file.

Electromagnetic Simulation of a Switched Reluctance Motor
A Switched Reluctance Motor (SRM) can be optimized on two fronts; the magnet design itself and the dynamic performance. Such a motor can be easily simulated with parametric magnetostatic solutions which can be solved using either the CST EM STUDIO® (CST EMS) 2D or 3D magnetostatic solvers. Only a single 3D model is required for both types of simulation ensuring that the geometry, excitation, materials and boundary conditions are consistent between the 2D and 3D models.

On the new Parameter View in CST STUDIO SUITE
This short note gives an overview of the usage of the new parameter view which is available from CST STUDIO SUITE 2012 on. It describes how to better analyze parameter sweep and optimization results including many parameters using parameterized plots and filtering options.

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9楼发表于: 2010-06-23 19:00:32

2010年6月28日添加两篇应用文章

RF Coil Design for Magnetic Resonance Imaging at the Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility （用于核磁共振成像的微波线圈）
Christof Thalhammer, Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility, Max-Delbrueck-Center At the Berlin Ultrahigh Field Facility we explore the advantages and needs of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) at 7 Tesla. Apart from the magnet and the gradient system, the radio frequency (RF) coils form an essential part of the MR system and are topic of intense research. Ultrahigh field systems are not yet in clinical use and the number of commercial coils for these systems is very limited, hence the coil design is an important part of our facility’s work. Since higher magnetic fields require higher frequencies, one has to deal with stronger interaction of the RF fields with the human tissue. Therefore conventional coil designs established at lower magnetic field strengths cannot be directly applied at 7.0 T which asks for new concepts and developments. To accelerate and streamline the design of new coils, our group recently started to use CST Studio Suite 2010. Together with detailed voxel models of human bodies (the “Virtual Family” by the ITIS Foundation), we use the CST package to simulate the distribution of the magnetic field and the RF power distribution in the patient’s body with the ultimate goal to optimize our coil designs for reasons of B1-homogeneity and local SAR distribution. Some of the first results will be shown to illustrate the application of CST Studio Suite in one of our projects, i.e. the design of a multi channel transmit/receive coil array for cardiovascular MRI at 7.0 Tesla.

On the determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband antennas （超宽带天线的冲击响应）
Sebastian Sczyslo, Gunnar Armbrecht, Holger Thye, Sven Dortmund, Thomas Kaiser, Leibniz Universität Hannover This contribution deals with the accurate determination of the impulse response of Ultra-wideband (UWB) antennas both by simulation and measurement. As can be found in recent literature, knowledge about the impulse response does not only allow for the derivation of further antenna parameters such as gain or group delay, but also to design more efficient receivers and to run more realistic simulations. Here we will exemplarily use the cone antenna as the antenna under test (AUT), as this is a very prominent antenna type in the field of UWB. In the first part CST Microwave Studio (CST MWS) is used to model and simulate the antenna in the transmit case. To extract the radiated E-Field, we developed a new macro based on the transient broadband farfield monitor. Applying this macro is time-saving compared to the conventional method using farfield probes which can be found in many publications. The transmit impulse response is determined by a deconvolution operation. Finally Lorentz reciprocity is used to evaluate the receive impulse response as it is common in literature. In the second part the obtained simulation results from CST MWS will be compared to measurement results. At this we will not only use the conventional two-antenna method but we will also introduce the GTEM method, as a fast and accurate antenna measurement method. We developed this novel method based upon our previous research in the field of GTEM cells and it allows for a direct determination of the receive impulse response using a single antenna only.

2012年3月9日添加三篇

On the use of the Integral Equation solver & Applications（积分求解器的应用）
This application note focuses on the usage of the Integral Equation solver in CST MWS. It illustrates the application areas and features in a short overview and shows the theoretical background. Further, it gives details for the memory requirements and shows many typical applications.

Calculation of Cogging Torque in a Surface Permanent Magnet Motor
CST EM STUDIO® is used to calculate the cogging torque in a 4-pole Surface Permanent Magnet Motor (PMSM). For such a calculation a parametric sweep is performed to determine the torque on the rotor at angular intervals. Only the permanent magnets are required in the model. The stator winding excitation is not necessary for this calculation and is hence omitted in this model.

Magnetron and Microwave Oven Design to Solve Wi-Fi - Interference Issues
This article describes how the different modules of CST STUDIO SUITE® can be used to aid the complete path of a magnetron and microwave oven design. Starting from the analysis of the interaction region in CST PARTICLE STUDIO®, continuing with the electrostatic and magnetostaic field evaluation in CST EM STUDIO®, further evaluating the field distributions inside the oven in CST MICROWAVE STUDIO® and finally leading to a temperature and deformation investigation in CST MPHYSICS STUDIO®.

2012年6月6日添加四篇

Modelling Thin Materials in CST QA&BNG
This short application note gives an overview of the available thin material models inside CST MICROWAVE STUDIO(R). In particular, it describes the different material types available in the different CST MWS solvers (T-, F-, I-solver) and discusses the idea of surface impedance modelling for lossy metals and thin dielectrics. In addition, coated materials and when the material is transparent is explained.

Plasma Applications with CST STUDIO SUITE
In this short presentation an introduction into the simulation of Plasma Applications with CST Tools is given. Especially CST MICROWAVE STUDIO, but partly also CST PARTICLE STUDIO, offer various ways for modelling. Along a few examples those techniques are shortly introduced. Please contact you local support, in case you have deeper interest in it.

Optimizer Overview j5;eSL@/
This overview document describes the available optimizer algorithm inside CST Studio Suite. It explains the optimization process and setup in general and discusses the differences between local and global optimizers. It further gives general suggestions for the use of optimizing workflows, the goal functions, and it shows a few examples using different optimizers.

Electrical Performance of High Speed Signaling in Coupled Microstrip Lines CvtG
The electrical performance of high speed signaling in coupled differential microstrip lines is analyzed. Based on the modal decomposition analysis, the cancellation frequency in the single-ended insertion loss response is explained and a closed formula is presented for the prediction of such resonant frequencies. Sensitivity analyses are also performed in order to investigate the impact of the solder mask layer and the differential microstrip geometry on the cancellation frequency.

这篇AN对应的Conference Proceeding：

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