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[其它]Digital.Synthesizers.and.Transmitters.for.Software.Radio.Springer.Jul.2005.eBook-DDU

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0楼发表于: 2008-11-17 10:53:04

PREFACE...................................................................................XVII
LIST OF ABBREVIATIONS...................................................XXIII
1.TRANSMITTERS................................................................1
1.1Direct Conversion Transmitters............................................................1
1.2Dual-Conversion Transmitter................................................................3
1.3 Transmitters Based on VCO Modulation.............................................3
1.4Offset-PLL Architecture.........................................................................6
1.5Envelope Elimination and Restoration (EER)......................................6
1.6Polar-Loop Transmitter.........................................................................9
1.7Linear Amplification with Nonlinear Components (LINC)..............10
1.8Combined Analogue Locked LoopUniversal Modulator (CALLUM)
14
1.9Linear Amplification Employing Sampling Techniques (LIST).......15
1.10Transmitters Based on Bandpass Delta Sigma Modulator...........17
REFERENCES.............................................................................19
2. POWER AMPLIFIER LINEARIZATION.....................25
2.1Feedforward...........................................................................................25
2.2Cartesian Modulation Feedback..........................................................29
2.3Predistortion..........................................................................................31
2.3.1 Analog Predistortion..............................................................................33
2.3.2 Mapping Predistortion...........................................................................35
2.3.3 Complex Gain Predistortion..................................................................36
2.3.4 Polar Predistortion.................................................................................38
2.3.5 RF-Predistortion Based on Vector Modulation.....................................39
2.3.6 Data Predistorters..................................................................................41
REFERENCES.............................................................................41
3.DIGITAL COMPENSATION METHODS FOR
ANALOG I/Q MODULATOR ERRORS.......................................49
3.1Quadrature Modulator ErrorsCompensation...................................52
3.1.1 Symmetric Compensation Memm thod........................................................53
3.1.2 Partial Correction of Mixer Nonlinearity in Quadrature Modulators....55
3.1.3 Asymmetr
ic Compensation Method......................................................56
igital Precompensation Method without Training Signal...................57
3.1.4 D
REFERENCES.............................................................................58
4. DIRECT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS............................61
4.1Conventional Direct Digital Synthesizer.............................................61
put DDS.................................................................................63
4.2Pulse Out
4.3DDS Architecture for Modulation Capability....................................65
QAM Modulator....................................................................................65
4.4
REFERENCES.............................................................................69
5.RECURSIVE OSCILLATORS.........................................73
5.1 Direct-Form Oscillator.........................................................................73
5.2 Coupled-Form Complex Oscillator.....................................................76
REFERENCES.............................................................................79
6.
CORDIC ALGORITHM...................................................81
6.1 Scaling of III andQ ...............................................................................84
n n
6.2 Quantization Errors in CORDIC Algorithm......................................85
6.2.1 Approximation Error.............................................................................85
6.2.2 Rounding Error of Inverse Tangents.....................................................86
6.2.3 Rounding Error of III
andQ ..................................................................87
n n
6.3Redundant Implementations of CORDIC Rotator............................87
6.4Hybrid CORDIC...................................................................................88
6.4.1 Mixed-Hybrid CORDIC Algorithm......................................................89
6.4.2 Partitioned-Hybrid CORDIC Algorithm...............................................90
REFERENCES.............................................................................92
SOURCES OF NOISE AND SPURS IN DDS.................97
7.
7.1Phase Truncation Related Spurious Effects........................................97
7.2Finite Precision of Sine Samples Stored in LUT...............................103
7.3Distribution of Spurs...........................................................................105
7.4Phase Noise of DDS Output................................................................108
7.5 Post-Filter Errors................................................................................110
REFERENCES...........................................................................110
8. SPUR REDUCTION TECHNIQUES IN SINE OUTPUT
DIRE
CT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZER...........................................113
8.1 Nicholas Modified Accumulator........................................................114
8.2 Non-Subtractive Dither.......................................................................116
8.2.1 Non-Subtractive Phase Dither.............................................................116
8.2.2 First-Order Analysis............................................................................117
8.2.3 Non-Subtractive Amplitude Dither.....................................................121
8.3 Subtractive Dither...............................................................................122
ase Dither..........................................................123
8.3.1 High-Pass Filtered Ph
8.3.2 High-Pass Filtered Amplitude Dither..................................................123
8.4Tunable Error Feedback in DDS.......................................................124
8.4.1 Phase EF..............................................................................................125
8.4.1.1Phase EF for Cosine DDS........................................................126
8.4.1.2P
hase EF for Quadrature DDS.................................................128
plitude EF......................................................................................129
8.4.2 Am
8.4.2.1Amp
litude EF for Cosine DDS................................................131
litude EF for Quadrature DDS.........................................132
8.4.2.2Amp
8.5Implementations..................................................................................134
8.6 Measurement Results..........................................................................134
8.7Conclusions..........................................................................................135
REFERENCES...........................................................................135
9.BLOCKS OF DIRECT DIGITAL SYNTHESIZERS..139
9.1Phase Accumulator.............................................................................139
9.2Phase to Amplitude Converter...........................................................143
9.2.1 Non-Linear D/A Converter..................................................................145
9.2.2 Exp
loitation of Sine Function Symmetry............................................145
9.2.3 Com
pression of Quarter-Wave Sine Function.....................................147
9.2.3.1Difference Algorithm...............................................................147
9.2.3.2Splitting into Coarse and Fine LUTs........................................149
9.2.3.3Angle Decomposition...............................................................150
9.2.3.4Modified Sunderland Architecture...........................................152
9.2.3.5Nicholas Architecture...............................................................153
9.2.3.6Polynomial Approximations....................................................155
9.2.3.6.1Piecewise Linear Interpolation..........................................156
9.2.3.6.2High Order Piecewise Interpolation..................................158
9.2.3.6.3Taylor Series Approximation............................................160
9.2.3.6.4C
hebyshev Approximation...............................................161
9.2.3.6.5Legendre Approximation..................................................163
9.2.3.7Using CORDIC Algorithm as a Sine Wave Generator............164
9.2.4 Simulation...........................................................................................167
9.2.5 Summary of Memory Compression and Algorithmic Techniques......167
9.3Filter.....................................................................................................168
REFERENCES...........................................................................169
10. CURRENT STEERING D/A CONVERTERS..............177
10.1D/A Converter Specifications.........................................................177
10.2 Static Non-Linearities.....................................................................178
10.2.1 Random Errors..................................................................................179rr
10.2.2 Systematic Errors..............................................................................181
10.2.3 Calibration.........................................................................................183
put Impedance...............................................................183
10.3Finite Out
10.4Other
Systematic Errors... ..

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